Entry of Viceroy Archbishop Morcillo into Potosí, 1718. Melchor Pérez Holguín.
Museo de América, Madrid, Spain.

This painting, by one of viceregal Perú’s most prominent painters, Melchor Pérez Holguín, shows the entrada of Viceroy Morcillo into Potosí in 1716. When a new Viceroy was appointed, he would be welcomed with an “entrada” into the cities of his Viceroyalty as he traveled toward the capital to take his seat. An entrada would typically include a parade of the town’s citizens through elaborately decorated streets, special masses, and other public celebrations.

The main body of this painting focuses upon Morcillo’s procession as it passes down Hoyos street. In the foreground, the viceroy (who was also Archbishop) rides into town beneath a canopy, having just passed through an elaborate processional arch (at the far right of the scene). The top two inset paintings show the arrival of the procession to the main plaza of Potosí and the masque, or courtly dance, that the miners staged after night fell on the plaza, all to welcome the Viceroy.

Taken together, these vignettes suggest the drama of public spectacle in Spanish American cities. An unabashed celebration of political power and hierarchies, entradas also provided opportunities for visual expressions of local pride, like wearing fancy clothing and performing dances set to local music. And here, Holguin has depicted a vibrant Potosí: Africans and African Americans appear as footmen and musicians, or as servants who watch the parade from balconies; Creole men march in the procession, their wives observing from beneath parasols or with children in tow. Indigenous people have come as well, looking on from open rooftops and other city vantages.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mendieta Pacheco, Wilson. 1998. Melchor Pérez Holguin: brocha de oro. La Paz: Banco Central de Bolivia.

Mesa, José de and Teresa Gisbert. 1977. Holguín y la pintura virreinal en Bolivia. La Paz: Librería Editorial Juventud.

Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo. 1999. “Entrada del virrey arzopbispo Morcillo en Potosí.” Los siglos de oro en los virreinatos de América: 1550-1700. Pp. 146-148. Madrid: Sociedad Estatal para la Conmemoracion de los Centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V.

	Perú: (Spanish) The name Spain gave to her southern Viceroyalty. The Viceroyalty of Perú stretched across Panama and most of South America, with the exception of Venezuela, which was part of New Spain, and coastal Brazil, which was held by the Portuguese. The capital city of the viceroyalty was Lima. back to text
	Potosí: (Spanish) A mining town, now in modern Bolivia, at the foot of the Cerro Rico, whose rich ores supplied much of the world's silver during the colonial period. back to text
	Spanish America: (English) The areas of the New World under Spanish control. From the 16th to 18th centuries, Spanish America comprised most of South America (except Portuguese-held Brazil), the Caribbean, Central America, and southern and western North America. back to text
	Viceroy: (English) The head of the largest administrative district (a viceroyalty) established by the Spanish crown in her colonies, second in power only to the king. back to text
	Viceroyalty: (English) The largest administrative district established by the Spanish crown in her colonies. Its head, the viceroy, was second in power only to the king. In 1700, there were two viceroyalties: New Spain and Perú. The Viceroyalties of Nueva Granada and Río de la Plata were carved out of these in the 18th century. back to text

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